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Air or SO2 is dried with H2SO4 before being fed to the sulphur burner or converter. The Drying Tower can be under pressure or under suction, with the main gas blower being, respectively, in front of or after the tower....
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In a sulphur burning or metallurgical double absorption H2SO4 plant where no Oleum is produced upstream, SO3 gas exits the third catalyst pass, is cooled down and enters the first absorption tower, where H2SO4 is distributed over ceramic packing to absorb the SO3....
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In a sulphur burning or metallurgical or spent H2SO4 regeneration plant where no Oleum is produced upstream, SO3 gas exits the fourth catalyst pass, is cooled down and enters the second absorption tower, where H2SO4 is distributed over ceramic packing to absorb the SO3....
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The SO2 conversion rate of single absorption plants is lower than double absorption, and many single absorption plants installed tail gas scrubbers to reduce this SO2 content rather than convert the plant to double absorption....
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Mercury Removal Towers can be installed as part of the Gas Cleaning section upstream of a Sulphuric Acid contact plant, where solids and other impurities are removed....
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The use of High Efficency, Brownian Diffusion type Mist Eliminators in different Sulphuric Acid condensation processes has been done for more than 30 years, but now there are more installations to treat H2S gas emissions and low strength SO2 emissions from refineries and metals processing plants with wet catalysis or WSA process....
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In a H2SO4 plant, weak acid can be produced which is then concentrated to commercial grade strong acid using acid concentrator....
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In a H2SO4 plant, acid can recirculate between the Drying and Absorbing Towers. A cross flow stripper is used to remove dissolved SO2....
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Oleum and liquid SO3 is stored in tanks and when the tanks are being filled or emptied, there is an increase in vent vapour. Similarly, when loading into or from trucks & wagons there will be a SO3 fugitive vapour....
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In a Refinery that produces H2S the gas can be burned in a furnace to generate SO2 gas which in turn can be converted into weak Sulphuric Acid (spent acid regeneration)....
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